LESSON FOUR

GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE

About 2,300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.

In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2,000 years.

Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle’s theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle’s theory.

Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiment again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.

When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.

Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead , he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.

An interesting experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo’s theory of falling objects is true.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Galileo伽利略（1564-1642，意大利物理学家和天文学家）

Aristotle亚里斯多德（公元前384-322，希腊哲学家和科学家）

Greece n.希腊

thinker n.思想家

observe vt. vi.观察

feather n.羽毛

conclude vt. vi.推断出，断定

object n.物体；目标

conclusion n.结论；推论draw a conclusion得出结论

reasonable adj.有道理的，合情合理的

seldom adv.很少；不常

experiment n. vi.实验，试验

once conj.一旦……（就……）

mind n.想法；意见；心情make up one’s mind下决心

truth n.真理；真相

question vt.对……提出疑问

Italian adj.意大利（人）的；意大利语的n.意大利人；意大利语

theory n.理论；原理

Pisa n.比萨（意大利中部一城市）

lean vi. vt.（使）倾斜；靠leaning adj.斜倾的

tower n.塔

foot (pl. feet) n.英尺

at the same time同时；但，然而

again and again再三地，反复地

result n.结果；效果

unless conj.除非；如果……不……

hold …back阻止

discovery n.发现

discourage vt.使泄气discouraged adj.泄气的；失去信心的

telescope n.望远镜

prove vt.证明，证实

founder n.创立者，奠基者

grant vt.假定……（正确）；（姑且）承认take … for granted认为……当然

accept vt. vi.承认；接受

astronaut n.宇宙航行员

hammer n.铁锤，木槌vt.捶打

land vt. vi.（使）登陆；（使）上岸；（使）降落n.陆地；土地；国土

surface n.表面，水面

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1.GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德。
伽利略（1564-1642），意大利物理学家和天文学家。他主张研究自然界必须进行系统的观察和实验。通过实验，他推翻了向来奉为权威的亚里斯多德关于“物体落下的速度和重量成比例”的学说，建立了落体定律。
亚里斯多德（公元前384-322），古希腊哲学家和科学家。

2.About 2,300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.大约两千三百年以前，在希腊住着一位名叫亚里斯多德的伟大的思想家。
在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词，有时不用be，而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他动词，如live, stand, come, lie等。又如：
There stands a big tree on the top of the mountain.山顶上矗立着一棵大树。
There came shouts for help from the river.从河那儿传来了“救命”的喊声。
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.房前有一片广阔的麦地。

3.Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students.亚里斯多德一旦认定重的物体比轻的物体下落得快，就把这作为真理教给他的学生。
once在这里是连词，意思是“一旦……（就）……”。
又如：Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见到他，你就永远忘不了他。
that引导的从句是短语动词made up his mind的宾语。
as a truth中的as是介词，“作为”的意思。这个介词短语作状语，修饰taught。

4.Aristotle’s theory of falling objects亚里斯多德的落体学说（即关于“物体落下的速度和重量成比例”的学说）。

5.He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.他并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何，就轻易相信它。

6.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, …伽利略住在比萨城……
of在这里表示同位关系。又如：the city of Beijing北京市；the month of May五月

7.As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.我们现在都知道，如果没有空气的阻力，重的物体和轻的物体下落的速度是一样的。

8.A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.羽毛比石头落得慢，只是因为空气的阻力对羽毛的影响比对石头的影响大。

9.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him.当伽利略向人们讲述自己的发现时，谁也不相信他。
这里would表示意愿。

10.He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他造了一架望远镜，使他能够研究太空。
through which he could study the skies是定语从句，修饰telescope。

11.An interesting experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971.一九七一年七月，在月球上进行了一项有趣的实验。
这里指的是美国阿波罗十五号太空船于一九七一年七月廿六日登上月球。两名宇航员在月球上停留了六十六小时五十五分钟。

12.This experiment proved that Galileo’s theory of falling objects is true.这个实验证明伽利略的落体学说是正确的。
在that引导的宾语从句中，动词用一般现在时，表示伽利略的落体学说是真理。

GRAMMAR

定语从句（二）

The Attributive Clause (Ⅱ)

关系代词的用法

1.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，如：
1）This is the room in which we lived last year.（或This is the room which we lived in last year.）
2）Who’s the comrade whom you just shook hands with?（或Who’s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?）
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：
1）Is this the book which she was looking for?
2) The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy（健康的）.
关系代词that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面，如：
1）The man that you were talking about has come to our school.
2) The room that she lives in is a large one.
注：当介词放在从句中有关动词的后面时，关系代词that，whom，which在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略，如：
1）This is the room we lived in last year.
2) Who’s the comrade you just shook hands with?
3) The man you were talking about has come to our school.

EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Read the text and then say whether the following sentences are right or wrong:
1. Aristotle was a great Italian thinker about 2,300 years ago.（）
2. About 2,300 years ago people always did experiments to test their ideas.（）
3. Aristotle’s conclusion was that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.（）
4. Aristotle observed that stones fell to the ground much faster than feathers.（）
5. Aristotle taught his conclusion as a truth to his students.（）
6. No one questioned Aristotle’s theory for almost 1,000 years.（）
7. Almost 400 years ago, Galileo, a Greece scientist did some experiments to test Aristotle’s theory of falling objects.（）
8. Galileo dropped a heavy ball and a light ball at exactly the same time from the top of the 180-foot-high leaning tower of Pisa.（）
9. The two balls fell to the ground at different speeds.（）
10. A feather falls slower than a stone because it is lighter than the stone.（）
11. When Galileo told people of his discovery, everybody praised him.（）
12. Today we praise Galileo, because he not only observed things carefully but also did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.（）

Ⅱ. For each word or phrase in Column A find a word or phrase of similar meaning in Column B:

AB

1.accept1. Decide
2.unless2. Watch carefully
3.drop3.Something that can be seen or touched
4.make up one’s mind4.fall, let fall
5.observe5.if not
6.object6.receive, take

Ⅲ. Rewrite the following sentences after the model:
Model: I’ll go there if it doesn’t rain.→I’ll go there unless it rains.
1. You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry.
2. You’ll be late for the concert if you don’t start right now.
3. I won’t write to him if he doesn’t write to me first.
4. The fish will die if you don’t put it into the water at once.
5. You can’t tell what it’s like if you haven’t seen it.
6. The dustmen wouldn’t go back to work if they didn’t get what they wanted.

Ⅳ. Complete the sentences by adding a preposition with eitherwhomorwhich:
1. The personI spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencilhe was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong,I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two thingsMarx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag,she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March,this is one example, are well written.

Ⅴ. Join each pair of sentences, using one as an attributive clause:
Model: He works in a middle school. There is a river in front of the school.→
He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.
1. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
2. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
3. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
4. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
5. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

Ⅵ. Translate the following into English:
1.如果你不出示通行证，门卫就不会让你进去。（unless）
2.如果李雷不加紧努力，他就赶不上同班同学了。（unless）
3.伽利略下定决心通过试验去验证亚里斯多德的理论。（to make up one’s mind）
4.在没有认真考虑以前，请不要下结论。（to draw a conclusion）
5.他们两人以同样速度跑步，同时到达。（at the same speed）
6.不要泄气，如果继续研究，你会找到答案的。（to be discouraged）

Ⅶ. Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

PENICILLIN

If you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread “has gone mouldy”. Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commonly. We have all probably seen it.

In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not notice this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance ‘penicillin”.

Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions of lives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man’s greatest friends!

LESSON FIVE

THE LOST NECKLACE

Place: a park in Paris

Time: a summer afternoon in 1870

People: Mathilde Loisel, wife

Pierre Loisel husband

Jeanne Forrestier, their friend

(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)

Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.

Jeanne:(Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.

Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t, but many years ago you knew me well. I’m Mathilde Loisel.

Jeanne:Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you weren’t ill.

Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn’t ill. You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work – ten years of hard work.

Jeanne:But I don’t understand, Mathilde. There’s only one year between us; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?

Mathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.

Jeanne:Mathilde! I didn’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?

Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.

Jeanne:Oh, come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell and ole friend.

Mathilde: Well, … Well, it was all because of that necklace. Your necklace.

Jeanne:My necklace?

Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

Jeanne:Let me think. Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.

Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.

(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)

Pierre:Yes, Mathilde, we’re going to the ball, the palace ball!

Mathilde: I can’t believe it!

Pierre:But it’s true.

Mathilde: Oh, pierre, how wonderful! But I haven’t got a dress for the ball!

Pierre:What does a new evening dress cost?

Mathilde: About four hundred francs.

Pierre:Four hundred! That’s a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.

Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you’re so kind. Oh! But there’s one other thing…

Pierre:What is it, Mathilde?

Mathilde: I… I have no jewelry.

Pierre:Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?

Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor. I haven’t got any jewelry.”

Pierre:Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend, Mathilde?

Mathilde: Which friend? My friends are all poor, too.

Pierre:Let me think. How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some.

Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.

Pierre:I’m sure she has something you can borrow.

(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story)

Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?

Jeanne:Yes, Mathilde, I remember.

Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.

Jeanne:(Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.

Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.

Jeanne:Until you saw the diamond necklace.

Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else, only the necklace.

Jeanne:I’m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.

Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.

Jeanne:Didn’t you have a good time at the ball?

Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time… the last happy evening for the next ten years.

Jeanne:But why, Mathilde?

Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.

Jeanne:But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.

Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.

Jeanne:Thirty-six thousand!

Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.

Jeanne:But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Necklace n.项链，项圈
Mathilde Loisel玛蒂尔德.卢瓦泽尔（人名）
Jeanne Forrestier让娜.福雷斯蒂埃（人名）
possible adj.可能的
rather adv.宁可，宁愿；相当
surely adv.确定，一定；当然
because of因为
diamond n.金刚石，钻石
government n.政府
ball n.舞会
scene n.一场；布景；场面
cost vi.值（多少钱）n.成本；价钱；费用
franc n.法郎（法国、比利时、瑞士等国的货币单位）
jewelry n.（总称）珠宝；珠宝饰物
continue vi. vt.继续；连续
pretty adj.漂亮的；美丽的
pay off还清
debt n.债
at the most至多，不超过

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1.这个短剧是根据法国小说家莫泊桑（Guy de Maupassant,1850-1893）的短篇小说《项链》（The Necklace）改写的。

2.No, you wouldn’t, … = No, you wouldn’t know me, …

3.But it’s because of hard work …不过这是因为劳累的缘故……
because of是介词，用在名词或代词之前。

4.There’s only one year between us; …咱俩只差一岁；……

5.Can hard work change a person that much?劳累能使人变化那么大吗？
句中that是副词，意思是“那样”、“那么”，相当于so；to such a degree（到这种程度），常用于口语和非正式文体中。又如：
I can tell you only that much.我只能告诉你那么多。
I can’t walk that far.我走不了那么远。

6.Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest.多年劳累，食不果腹，只有寒室一间，得不到片刻休息。

7.Well, I would rather not tell you.唉，我真不想告诉你。

8.Oh, come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.嗨，说吧，玛蒂尔德，你对老朋友说说总是可以的吧。
come在这里是感叹词，表示鼓励的意思。Come作感叹词时，还有引起注意、表示不耐烦、责备或安慰等意思。又如：
come, we must hurry.喂，我们得赶紧啦。

9.What does a new evening dress cost?买一件新的晚礼服要花多少钱？
what在这里是“多少”的意思。又如：
What’s the price of the car?这辆汽车定价多少？

10.But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you.可是，也许就这一回，用我们所有的钱给你买一件新衣服。
once在这里用作名词，是“一次”的意思；
just this once意思是“就这么一次”，用作状语，修饰谓语动词use。Just = only，是“仅仅”的意思。
what we have = the money which we have.

11.But there’s one other thing …但是，还有一样东西……

12.How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some.让娜怎么样？她嫁给了一个有钱人，或许她有些首饰。
she married well = she married a rich man.
some = some jewels（珠宝）

13.Until you saw the diamond necklace.直到你看到了那条钻石项链。
这句紧接上句It was hard to chose.之后，可以说是一句话由两个人说完，意思是：在你看到钻石项链之前，真不知挑什么才好。

14.I didn’t want anything else, only the necklace.别的什么我都不想要，我只想借那条项链。

15.… but that was the last time … the last happy evening for the next ten years.……可是那是最后一次……最后一个愉快的夜晚，在以后的十年里再也没有了。

16.… the necklace was gone.……项链不见了（丢了）。
过去分词gone在句中作表语，意思是“不见了”、“丢失了”。

17.… looked in every room = … looked for it in every room

18.That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne.让娜，这就是为什么现在你看到你面前的是这样的一个老太婆。
why引导的从句作表语。

19.… that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me.……你向我借的那条项链不是真钻石的。
定语从句you borrowed from me不是修饰a real diamond necklace,而是修饰that。

GRAMMAR

定语从句（三）

The Attributive Clause (Ⅲ)

关系副词的用法

引导定语从句的词，除关系代词外，还有关系副词when, where等。

1.When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
1）I still remember the daywhenI first came to Beijing.
2) I’ll never forget the daywhenI joined the League.
3) Do you remember one afternoon ten years agowhenI came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

2.Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
1）This is the housewhereI lived two years ago.
2) The factorywherehis father works is in the west of the city.

EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Complete the following stentences correctly:
1. This play is based on “The Necklace”, a short story by Guy de Maupassant,.
1) an English writer
2) a French writer
3) an American writer
2. Ten years earlier, Mathilde had borrowed a necklace from her friend Jeanne.
1) to go to a party
2) to go to the theatre
3) to go to a palace ball
3. The necklace Mathilde borrowed from Jeanne was made of.
1) diamond
2) stone
3) glass
4. On her way home from the ball.
1) Mathilde found her necklace missing
2) Mathilde found her wallet missing
3) Mathilde found her watch missing
5. The next day Pierre and Mathilde bought.
1) a glass necklace to return to Jeanne
2) a gold necklace to return to Jeanne
3) a real diamond necklace to return to Jeanne
6. Ten years later Mathilde happened to meet Jeanne in a park, but at first.
1) Jeanne did not know her
2) Jeanne did not speak to her
3) Jeanne refused to say hello to her
7. For ten years both Mathilde and her husband had worked day and night, because.
1) they wanted to save money to buy a real diamond necklace
2) they had to pay back the money they had borrowed
3) they wanted to save money to buy a house
8. Mathilde now looked older because.
1) she had had to work hard for ten years
2) she had been ill for many years
3) she was poorly dressed
9. Mathilde did not know the necklace was made of glass until.
1) a neighbor told her ten years later
2) Jeanne told her ten years later
3) she herself found it out ten years later

Ⅱ. Give a word, beginning with the letter given, which has the same meaning as the word or phrase in each bracket:
1. c(go on with)
2. p(that can happen or be done)
3. p(nice to look at)
4. c(the price we pay when we buy something)
5. s(certainly)
6. b(dance)

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with:
1. Because or because of
1) They could not sleepthe heat.
2) I was pleased with hershe had passed the examination.
3) Millions of other stars look smaller than the sunthey are much farther away.
4) Mathilde had lived a hard life for ten yearsthe lost necklace.
5) We were sorry for Johnhe had lost the game.
6) My grandma could only walk slowlyher old age.
2. Among or between
1) He diedthe two world wars.
2) An old scientist is sittingthe Young Pioneers.
3) That train runsGuangzhou and Wuhan.
4) Mike will call youeight and nine.
5) Greece isthe oldest countries in the world.
6) Who can jump the farthestthe boys?

Ⅳ. Join the following sentences, using the relative adverbwhen:
1. I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLA on that day.
2. The days are gone. During those days we used “foreign oil”.
3. I still remember the day. On that day the old scientist took us to the physics lab for the first time.
4. The time finally arrived. They had to leave at that time.
5. His father has been working in this factory since that time. At that time it was only a small workshop.
6. October 1, 1949 was the day. The People’s Republic of China was founded on that day.
7. It happened on a day in November. The weather was very wet and cold that day.
8. She often came to see me during those days. I was sick at that time.

Ⅴ. Join each pair of sentences, using the relative adverbwhere:
Model: One morning an elephant was led down the road. The blind men stood there.→
One morning an elephant was led down the road where the blind men stood.
1. This is the village. My father worked there three years ago.
2. Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was born there.
3. Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the street?
4. My mother taught biology in this school twenty years ago. I visited it last summer.
5. The bridge was built last year. This photo was taken there.
6. This is the chemical works. We often work there.
7. The shop isn’t far away. I bought the book there.
8. The place has been turned into a theatre. The villagers fought the enemy there many years ago.

Ⅵ. Translate the following into English:
1.我想今天他不会来了。（I don’t think …）
2.我原先没想到她变化会那么大。（to change that much）
3.新钻石项链花了卢瓦泽尔夫妇三万六千法郎，而让娜的项链只花了她五百法郎。（to cost）
4.卢瓦泽尔夫妇用了十年才还清了债。（to pay off one’s debts）
5.他买苹果花了一元，买香蕉花了一元五角。（to pay for）
6.那条项链最多值四十英镑。（to be worth）

Ⅶ. Read the following passage and put it into Chinese:

THE VAIN STAG

One hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antler as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too big, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.

Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught his antlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.

The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.

Vain adj.自负的stag n.雄鹿antler n.鹿角的一枝thirsty adj.渴的reflection n.反射；水中映像bark vi.吠叫hunter n.猎人branch n.树枝

REVISIONI

Ⅰ. Put the following into English:
1.本族语最多十年的辛勤工作在十九世纪五十年代在路旁体格检查
毕竟今后触觉落体理论一位名叫贝蒂的姑娘在她三十多岁时
2.关（电灯）切断（电源）定购挑选出把……变成现实同……意见一致
听说得出结论下定决心阻止取得进步继续（做某事）

Ⅱ. From each verb below form a noun ending in er or tion, then give the Chinese for each noun:
1.fight2.sing3.teach4.win5.compute6.think7.found8.own9.speak10.farm11.lead12.drive13.wait14.liberate15.invent16.pronounce17.operate18.examine19.translate

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks withanything,everything,nothingorsomething, then translate the sentences into Chinese:
1. Is thereyou don’t understand?
2. Tell a story to the class aboutyou see in the picture.
3. Billy said that he was going to be a school teacher in the future and that he would teach his studentshe knew.
4. Alice was now readingher teacher told her to read.
5. There isin the world that can frighten him.
6. She likes to ask aboutshe doesn’t know.
7. Tom: Mum, I’m going to the post office. Is thereyou want at the shops?
Mum: Yes, there’s alwaysI want at the shops. I haven’t any eggs in the house. Get some eggs for me.
Tom: All right! What else do you need?
Mum: I don’t think there’selse. No,else.
Tom: All right, then. I’ll be back in half an hour.

Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with the following:
be gonebe mistakenbe made ofbe limitedbe discouragedbe interested in
1. YouquiteJane is Joan’s sister.
2. Doesn’t it look like a real diamond ring? In fact itglass.
3. Theyratherafter they were beaten by the August 1stBasket-ball Team.
4. A lot of peopleher article on how to master a foreign language.
5. When I returned to the shop, I found my bag.
6. What I know about modern sciencevery.

Ⅴ. Complete the following sentences, using attributive clauses:
1. The old man（坐在我母亲旁边的）is my grandfather.
2. Is it only blind men who make such foolish mistakes?
No, sometimes people（能看见的）act just as foolishly.
3. This is the girl（我们班发音最好的）.
4. He is a model worker（我们大家都应该学习的）.
5. The tall building（刚完工的）is for the TV station.
6. The finger（教授放进嘴里的）was not the one（他在杯子里浸过的）.
7. September is the month（在八月之后，十月之前的）.
8. They tried to find a telescope（使他们能更清楚地观察星星的）.
9. Is there a shop（我们可以买到铁锤的）?
10. Let’s think of a situation（可以用这个成语的）.
11. This is the place（我们做那次试验的）.
12. Do you remember the day（北京解放的）?

Ⅵ. Fill in the blanks with proper articles if necessary:
It is New Year’s Eve（除夕）. Ashands ofclock move towardsmidnight（半夜）old year is slowly dying; infew minutesNew Year will be born. It istime for looking back, or else looking forward. We look back over all that has happened duringpast year, to ourselves, to our country and toworld. We look forward with hope toNew Year that is just beginning, hope that it will bring health（健康）and happiness to those we love, and peace（和平）to allmankind（人类）.
InScotland（苏格兰）last day ofyear ismost important holiday ofwinter, more important even thanChristmas. On New Year’s Eve friends and neighbours go about from house to house drinking to each other’s health and wishing each other good luck（运气）. OnNew Year’s Day allshops andfactories are closed and no work in done. Families meet together forbig meal andfamily party.
InEngland New Year’s Day is notholiday. But on New Year’s Evemost people sit up till aftermidnight ‘to seeNew Year in’ or else they go to parties and dances. Most ofbig London hotels（旅馆）haveNew Year’s Eve dance.

Ⅶ. Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions:
Edgar Snow was a friendthe Chinese people. He diedcancer（癌症）February 15, 1972Switzerland（瑞士）.his last days, some Chinese doctors were sent to look him.(after, of, on, in)
Edgar Snow first cameChina1928,the agetwenty-two.1936, he made up his mind to gothe Red areas（地区）the NorthShanxi. After he arrivedBao’an, he had many talksthe leadersthe Chinese Communist Party. He was the first foreign reporter（记者）to writethe Long March and the revolutionary base areasChina.(at, in, of, to, with, about)
a few weeksthe Red areas, he saw that the Communist Party was very differentany other political PartyChina. He came to understand that it was the Chinese Communist Party that had pointed out（指出）the only correct waythe futurethe Chinese people.(for, of, in, after, from)
When he got backBeijing, he wrote a bookthe Communist Party’s strugglesthe liberationthe Chinese people. It was called RED STAR OVER CHINA. It was translatedmany languages and soon became famous. It helped people to understand the Chinese revolution and inspired revolutionaries allthe world.(over, about, for, of, to, into)

Ⅷ. Read the following passage and pick out the attributive clauses in it:

ONE OF THE BIGGEST POST OFFICES IN THE WORLD

Charlie, a boy of fifteen, once stayed with his friend Mike, who lives in New York. Mike’s father, Mr. White, is a postman.

One day Mr. White took the boys to one of the biggest post offices in the world. They first went to a very large room which looked like a shop. There were all kinds of things in it: books, clothes, radios, bicycles and many parcels.

“All the parcels with the wrong addresses come to this room,” said Mr. White. “People who lose their mail come or write to this office. Sometimes they find their mail. Parcels stay here for two or three months. Then the post office sells them.”

Then they went to the sorting room.

“Look at that big red machine, Charlie,” said Mike. “Do you know what it’s for?”

There were men who were putting cans into the machine. The cans went down into a tube.

“What’s in those cans?” asked Charlie.

“Letters that go to other parts of New York,” answered Mr. White. “Those tubes all go under the ground. The cans with letters go through the tubes to all parts of New York.”

“This is really interesting,” said Charlie. “I didn’t know letters went under the ground.”

They then entered a big hall where Charlie bought some stamps. When they came out, Mr. White showed them the trucks which were taking mailbags to the trains, planes and boats and bringing in other mail from the planes, trains and boats.

Mail was going in and coming out of the post office all the time.

New York纽约（地名）parcel n.包裹mail n.邮件sorting room分类室can n.筒，罐tube n.管子